Augustine co-opted the world of grammatica.  And just as 
Hajnal has shown how mere writing and the teaching of 
grammar could be completely one with the art of pronuntiatio  
or oratorical delivery, (28) so Marrou shows how it could 
happen that ancient grammatica  became the basis for the 
study of the Bible in the Middle Ages. We shall see how in the 
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the ancient and medieval 
techniques of exegesis flourished as never before. They became 
the basis for the Baconian scientific program and were 
thoroughly sidetracked by the new mathematics and the new 
techniques of quantification.

     A brief look at the changes in the various methods of 
medieval exegesis will prepare the reader for some of the later 
effects of printing on the arts and sciences. Beryl Smalley’s 
Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages  is an admirable survey